QBitArray Class | Qt Core | Qt 6.11.0
Description: The QBitArray class provides an array of bits.

- Qt 6.11
- Qt Core
- C++ Classes
- QBitArray
- Qt 6.11.0 Reference Documentation

# QBitArray Class

The QBitArray class provides an array of bits. More...

Header: | `#include <QBitArray>`
CMake: | `find_package(Qt6 REQUIRED COMPONENTS Core)` `target_link_libraries(mytarget PRIVATE Qt6::Core)`
qmake: | `QT += core`

- List of all members, including inherited members
- QBitArray is part of Implicitly Shared Classes.

This class is equality-comparable.

Note: All functions in this class are reentrant.

## Public Functions

| QBitArray()
| QBitArray(qsizetype size, bool value = false)
| QBitArray(const QBitArray &other)
| QBitArray(QBitArray &&other)
bool | at(qsizetype i) const
const char * | bits() const
void | clear()
void | clearBit(qsizetype i)
qsizetype | count() const
qsizetype | count(bool on) const
bool | fill(bool value, qsizetype size = -1)
void | fill(bool value, qsizetype begin, qsizetype end)
bool | isEmpty() const
bool | isNull() const
void | resize(qsizetype size)
void | setBit(qsizetype i)
void | setBit(qsizetype i, bool value)
qsizetype | size() const
void | swap(QBitArray &other)
bool | testBit(qsizetype i) const
`(since 6.0)` quint32 | toUInt32(QSysInfo::Endian endianness, bool *ok = nullptr) const
bool | toggleBit(qsizetype i)
void | truncate(qsizetype pos)
QBitArray & | operator&=(QBitArray &&other)
QBitArray & | operator&=(const QBitArray &other)
QBitArray & | operator=(QBitArray &&other)
QBitArray & | operator=(const QBitArray &other)
QBitRef | operator[](qsizetype i)
bool | operator[](qsizetype i) const
QBitArray & | operator^=(QBitArray &&other)
QBitArray & | operator^=(const QBitArray &other)
QBitArray & | operator|=(QBitArray &&other)
QBitArray & | operator|=(const QBitArray &other)

## Static Public Members

QBitArray | fromBits(const char *data, qsizetype size)

## Related Non-Members

bool | operator!=(const QBitArray &lhs, const QBitArray &rhs)
QBitArray | operator&(QBitArray &&a1, QBitArray &&a2)
QBitArray | operator&(QBitArray &&a1, const QBitArray &a2)
QBitArray | operator&(const QBitArray &a1, QBitArray &&a2)
QBitArray | operator&(const QBitArray &a1, const QBitArray &a2)
QDataStream & | operator<<(QDataStream &out, const QBitArray &ba)
bool | operator==(const QBitArray &lhs, const QBitArray &rhs)
QDataStream & | operator>>(QDataStream &in, QBitArray &ba)
QBitArray | operator^(QBitArray &&a1, QBitArray &&a2)
QBitArray | operator^(QBitArray &&a1, const QBitArray &a2)
QBitArray | operator^(const QBitArray &a1, QBitArray &&a2)
QBitArray | operator^(const QBitArray &a1, const QBitArray &a2)
QBitArray | operator|(QBitArray &&a1, QBitArray &&a2)
QBitArray | operator|(QBitArray &&a1, const QBitArray &a2)
QBitArray | operator|(const QBitArray &a1, QBitArray &&a2)
QBitArray | operator|(const QBitArray &a1, const QBitArray &a2)
QBitArray | operator~(QBitArray a)

## Detailed Description

A QBitArray is an array that gives access to individual bits and provides operators (AND, OR, XOR, and NOT) that work on entire arrays of bits. It uses implicit sharing (copy-on-write) to reduce memory usage and to avoid the needless copying of data.

The following code constructs a QBitArray containing 200 bits initialized to false (0):

     QBitArray ba(200);

To initialize the bits to true, either pass `true` as second argument to the constructor, or call fill() later on.

QBitArray uses 0-based indexes, just like C++ arrays. To access the bit at a particular index position, you can use operator[](). On non-const bit arrays, operator[]() returns a reference to a bit that can be used on the left side of an assignment. For example:

     QBitArray ba;
     ba.resize(3);
     ba[0] = true;
     ba[1] = false;
     ba[2] = true;

For technical reasons, it is more efficient to use testBit() and setBit() to access bits in the array than operator[](). For example:

     QBitArray ba(3);
     ba.setBit(0, true);
     ba.setBit(1, false);
     ba.setBit(2, true);

QBitArray supports `&` (AND), `|` (OR), `^` (XOR), `~` (NOT), as well as `&=`, `|=`, and `^=`. These operators work in the same way as the built-in C++ bitwise operators of the same name. For example:

     QBitArray x(5);
     x.setBit(3, true);
     // x: [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]

     QBitArray y(5);
     y.setBit(4, true);
     // y: [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]

     x |= y;
     // x: [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 1 ]

For historical reasons, QBitArray distinguishes between a null bit array and an empty bit array. A null bit array is a bit array that is initialized using QBitArray's default constructor. An empty bit array is any bit array with size 0. A null bit array is always empty, but an empty bit array isn't necessarily null:

     QBitArray().isNull();           // returns true
     QBitArray().isEmpty();          // returns true

     QBitArray(0).isNull();          // returns false
     QBitArray(0).isEmpty();         // returns true

     QBitArray(3).isNull();          // returns false
     QBitArray(3).isEmpty();         // returns false

All functions except isNull() treat null bit arrays the same as empty bit arrays; for example, QBitArray() compares equal to QBitArray(0). We recommend that you always use isEmpty() and avoid isNull().

See also QByteArray and QList.

## Member Function Documentation

### `[noexcept]` QBitArray::QBitArray()

Constructs an empty bit array.

See also isEmpty().

### `[explicit]` QBitArray::QBitArray(qsizetype size, bool value = false)

Constructs a bit array containing size bits. The bits are initialized with value, which defaults to false (0).

### `[noexcept]` QBitArray::QBitArray(const QBitArray &other)

Constructs a copy of other.

This operation takes constant time, because QBitArray is implicitly shared. This makes returning a QBitArray from a function very fast. If a shared instance is modified, it will be copied (copy-on-write), and that takes linear time.

See also operator=().

### `[noexcept]` QBitArray::QBitArray(QBitArray &&other)

Move-constructs a QBitArray instance, making it point at the same object that other was pointing to.

### bool QBitArray::at(qsizetype i) const

Returns the value of the bit at index position i.

i must be a valid index position in the bit array (i.e., 0 <= i < size()).

See also operator[]().

### const char *QBitArray::bits() const

Returns a pointer to a dense bit array for this QBitArray. Bits are counted upwards from the least significant bit in each byte. The number of bits relevant in the last byte is given by `size() % 8`.

See also fromBits() and size().

### void QBitArray::clear()

Clears the contents of the bit array and makes it empty.

See also resize() and isEmpty().

### void QBitArray::clearBit(qsizetype i)

Sets the bit at index position i to 0.

i must be a valid index position in the bit array (i.e., 0 <= i < size()).

See also setBit() and toggleBit().

### qsizetype QBitArray::count() const

Same as size().

### qsizetype QBitArray::count(bool on) const

If on is true, this function returns the number of 1-bits stored in the bit array; otherwise the number of 0-bits is returned.

### bool QBitArray::fill(bool value, qsizetype size = -1)

Sets every bit in the bit array to value, returning true if successful; otherwise returns `false`. If size is different from -1 (the default), the bit array is resized to size beforehand.

Example:

     QBitArray ba(8);
     ba.fill(true);
     // ba: [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

     ba.fill(false, 2);
     // ba: [ 0, 0 ]

See also resize().

### void QBitArray::fill(bool value, qsizetype begin, qsizetype end)

Sets bits at index positions begin up to (but not including) end to value.

begin must be a valid index position in the bit array (0 <= begin < size()).

end must be either a valid index position or equal to size(), in which case the fill operation runs until the end of the array (0 <= end <= size()).

Example:

     QBitArray ba(4);
     ba.fill(true, 1, 2);            // ba: [ 0, 1, 0, 0 ]
     ba.fill(true, 1, 3);            // ba: [ 0, 1, 1, 0 ]
     ba.fill(true, 1, 4);            // ba: [ 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

This is an overloaded function.

### `[static]` QBitArray QBitArray::fromBits(const char *data, qsizetype size)

Creates a QBitArray with the dense bit array located at data, with size bits. The byte array at data must be at least size / 8 (rounded up) bytes long.

If size is not a multiple of 8, this function will include the lowest size % 8 bits from the last byte in data.

See also bits().

### bool QBitArray::isEmpty() const

Returns `true` if this bit array has size 0; otherwise returns false.

See also size().

### bool QBitArray::isNull() const

Returns `true` if this bit array is null; otherwise returns `false`.

Example:

     QBitArray().isNull();           // returns true
     QBitArray(0).isNull();          // returns false
     QBitArray(3).isNull();          // returns false

Qt makes a distinction between null bit arrays and empty bit arrays for historical reasons. For most applications, what matters is whether or not a bit array contains any data, and this can be determined using isEmpty().

See also isEmpty().

### void QBitArray::resize(qsizetype size)

Resizes the bit array to size bits.

If size is greater than the current size, the bit array is extended to make it size bits with the extra bits added to the end. The new bits are initialized to false (0).

If size is less than the current size, bits are removed from the end.

See also size().

### void QBitArray::setBit(qsizetype i)

Sets the bit at index position i to 1.

i must be a valid index position in the bit array (i.e., 0 <= i < size()).

See also clearBit() and toggleBit().

### void QBitArray::setBit(qsizetype i, bool value)

Sets the bit at index position i to value.

This is an overloaded function.

### qsizetype QBitArray::size() const

Returns the number of bits stored in the bit array.

See also resize().

### `[noexcept]` void QBitArray::swap(QBitArray &other)

Swaps this bit array with other. This operation is very fast and never fails.

### bool QBitArray::testBit(qsizetype i) const

Returns `true` if the bit at index position i is 1; otherwise returns `false`.

i must be a valid index position in the bit array (i.e., 0 <= i < size()).

See also setBit() and clearBit().

### `[noexcept, since 6.0]` quint32 QBitArray::toUInt32(QSysInfo::Endian endianness, bool *ok = nullptr) const

Returns the array of bit converted to an int. The conversion is based on endianness. Converts up to the first 32 bits of the array to `quint32` and returns it, obeying endianness. If ok is not a null pointer, and the array has more than 32 bits, ok is set to false and this function returns zero; otherwise, it's set to true.

This function was introduced in Qt 6.0.

### bool QBitArray::toggleBit(qsizetype i)

Inverts the value of the bit at index position i, returning the previous value of that bit as either true (if it was set) or false (if it was unset).

If the previous value was 0, the new value will be 1. If the previous value was 1, the new value will be 0.

i must be a valid index position in the bit array (i.e., 0 <= i < size()).

See also setBit() and clearBit().

### void QBitArray::truncate(qsizetype pos)

Truncates the bit array at index position pos.

If pos is beyond the end of the array, nothing happens.

See also resize().

### QBitArray &QBitArray::operator&=(const QBitArray &other)

### QBitArray &QBitArray::operator&=(QBitArray &&other)

Performs the AND operation between all bits in this bit array and other. Assigns the result to this bit array, and returns a reference to it.

The result has the length of the longest of the two bit arrays, with any missing bits (if one array is shorter than the other) taken to be 0.

Example:

     QBitArray a(3);
     QBitArray b(2);
     a[0] = 1; a[1] = 0; a[2] = 1;   // a: [ 1, 0, 1 ]
     b[0] = 1; b[1] = 1;             // b: [ 1, 1 ]
     a &= b;                         // a: [ 1, 0, 0 ]

See also operator&(), operator|=(), operator^=(), and operator~().

### `[noexcept]` QBitArray &QBitArray::operator=(QBitArray &&other)

Moves other to this bit array and returns a reference to this bit array.

### `[noexcept]` QBitArray &QBitArray::operator=(const QBitArray &other)

Assigns other to this bit array and returns a reference to this bit array.

### QBitRef QBitArray::operator[](qsizetype i)

Returns the bit at index position i as a modifiable reference.

i must be a valid index position in the bit array (i.e., 0 <= i < size()).

Example:

     QBitArray a(3);
     a[0] = false;
     a[1] = true;
     a[2] = a[0] ^ a[1];

The return value is of type QBitRef, a helper class for QBitArray. When you get an object of type QBitRef, you can assign to it, and the assignment will apply to the bit in the QBitArray from which you got the reference.

The functions testBit(), setBit(), and clearBit() are slightly faster.

See also at(), testBit(), setBit(), and clearBit().

### bool QBitArray::operator[](qsizetype i) const

This is an overloaded function.

### QBitArray &QBitArray::operator^=(const QBitArray &other)

### QBitArray &QBitArray::operator^=(QBitArray &&other)

Performs the XOR operation between all bits in this bit array and other. Assigns the result to this bit array, and returns a reference to it.

The result has the length of the longest of the two bit arrays, with any missing bits (if one array is shorter than the other) taken to be 0.

Example:

     QBitArray a(3);
     QBitArray b(2);
     a[0] = 1; a[1] = 0; a[2] = 1;   // a: [ 1, 0, 1 ]
     b[0] = 1; b[1] = 1;             // b: [ 1, 1 ]
     a ^= b;                         // a: [ 0, 1, 1 ]

See also operator^(), operator&=(), operator|=(), and operator~().

### QBitArray &QBitArray::operator|=(const QBitArray &other)

### QBitArray &QBitArray::operator|=(QBitArray &&other)

Performs the OR operation between all bits in this bit array and other. Assigns the result to this bit array, and returns a reference to it.

The result has the length of the longest of the two bit arrays, with any missing bits (if one array is shorter than the other) taken to be 0.

Example:

     QBitArray a(3);
     QBitArray b(2);
     a[0] = 1; a[1] = 0; a[2] = 1;   // a: [ 1, 0, 1 ]
     b[0] = 1; b[1] = 1;             // b: [ 1, 1 ]
     a |= b;                         // a: [ 1, 1, 1 ]

See also operator|(), operator&=(), operator^=(), and operator~().

## Related Non-Members

### `[noexcept]` bool operator!=(const QBitArray &lhs, const QBitArray &rhs)

Returns `true` if lhs is not equal to rhs bit array; otherwise returns `false`.

See also operator==().

### QBitArray operator&(const QBitArray &a1, const QBitArray &a2)

### QBitArray operator&(QBitArray &&a1, const QBitArray &a2)

### QBitArray operator&(const QBitArray &a1, QBitArray &&a2)

### QBitArray operator&(QBitArray &&a1, QBitArray &&a2)

Returns a bit array that is the AND of the bit arrays a1 and a2.

The result has the length of the longest of the two bit arrays, with any missing bits (if one array is shorter than the other) taken to be 0.

Example:

     QBitArray a(3);
     QBitArray b(2);
     QBitArray c;
     a[0] = 1; a[1] = 0; a[2] = 1;   // a: [ 1, 0, 1 ]
     b[0] = 1; b[1] = 1;             // b: [ 1, 1 ]
     c = a & b;                      // c: [ 1, 0, 0 ]

See also operator&=(), operator|(), and operator^().

### QDataStream &operator<<(QDataStream &out, const QBitArray &ba)

Writes bit array ba to stream out.

See also Format of the QDataStream operators.

### `[noexcept]` bool operator==(const QBitArray &lhs, const QBitArray &rhs)

Returns `true` if lhs is equal to rhs bit array; otherwise returns `false`.

See also operator!=().

### QDataStream &operator>>(QDataStream &in, QBitArray &ba)

Reads a bit array into ba from stream in.

See also Format of the QDataStream operators.

### QBitArray operator^(const QBitArray &a1, const QBitArray &a2)

### QBitArray operator^(QBitArray &&a1, const QBitArray &a2)

### QBitArray operator^(const QBitArray &a1, QBitArray &&a2)

### QBitArray operator^(QBitArray &&a1, QBitArray &&a2)

Returns a bit array that is the XOR of the bit arrays a1 and a2.

The result has the length of the longest of the two bit arrays, with any missing bits (if one array is shorter than the other) taken to be 0.

Example:

     QBitArray a(3);
     QBitArray b(2);
     QBitArray c;
     a[0] = 1; a[1] = 0; a[2] = 1;   // a: [ 1, 0, 1 ]
     b[0] = 1; b[1] = 1;             // b: [ 1, 1 ]
     c = a ^ b;                      // c: [ 0, 1, 1 ]

See also operator^=().

### QBitArray operator|(const QBitArray &a1, const QBitArray &a2)

### QBitArray operator|(QBitArray &&a1, const QBitArray &a2)

### QBitArray operator|(const QBitArray &a1, QBitArray &&a2)

### QBitArray operator|(QBitArray &&a1, QBitArray &&a2)

Returns a bit array that is the OR of the bit arrays a1 and a2.

The result has the length of the longest of the two bit arrays, with any missing bits (if one array is shorter than the other) taken to be 0.

Example:

     QBitArray a(3);
     QBitArray b(2);
     QBitArray c;
     a[0] = 1; a[1] = 0; a[2] = 1;   // a: [ 1, 0, 1 ]
     b[0] = 1; b[1] = 1;             // b: [ 1, 1 ]
     c = a | b;                      // c: [ 1, 1, 1 ]

See also QBitArray::operator|=(), operator&(), and operator^().

### QBitArray operator~(QBitArray a)

Returns a bit array that contains the inverted bits of the bit array a.

Example:

     QBitArray a(3);
     QBitArray b;
     a[0] = 1; a[1] = 0; a[2] = 1;   // a: [ 1, 0, 1 ]
     b = ~a;                         // b: [ 0, 1, 0 ]

See also operator&(), operator|(), and operator^().